Poverty Registration
(1) Focus on the labor force who cannot participate in production and earn income due to the lack of skills.
(2) Focus on identifying elderly persons over 60 years old without child support.
(3) Focus on identifying orphans without guardians.
(4) Focus on identifying families with students attending school.
(5) Focus on identifying families without adequate shelters and access to safe water.
(6) Focus on identifying families where the primary breadwinner is chronically ill, unable to engage in basic labor, or suffering from a serious illness.
(7) Focus on identifying families facing particular difficulties due to natural disasters, emergencies, or other unforeseen circumstances.
(8) Taking into account the characteristics of ethnic minorities and regional development levels, localities should enhance multidimensional poverty identification criteria based on the national uniform standards.
China developed a set of standards and procedures to accurately identify the poor, and grassroots officials have spent time in villages analyzing the distribution of the poor population, the causes of their poverty, and their needs. All of the poor individuals, households and villages were identified. Therefore the coverage rate is 100%.
The costs or financial inputs for poverty registration mainly include the following three aspects:
- Human Resources Costs: building a poverty registration requires specialized personnel to conduct household identification and information entry in impoverished areas. This includes training relevant personnel to understand the workflow and requirements of the registration, the actual manpower input for household surveys and data collection, and the cost of recruiting professionals to operate and manage the registration system.
- Material Costs: this includes the procurement and maintenance expenses of materials such as paper-based file materials, electronic equipment (such as computers, printers, scanners, etc.), data storage and transmission equipment, as well as costs related to data backup, security protection, etc.
- Information System Construction Costs: establishing a national poverty alleviation information network system requires a significant amount of funding for system development, construction, and maintenance. This includes costs related to software development, hardware equipment procurement, network security protection, data backup, etc.
It is important to note that the costs of poverty registration may vary depending on factors such as the region, scale, standards, etc. Specific investment funds need to be estimated and planned based on the actual situation.
Government-led, poor population and the public participate extensively; the central government formulates major policies, and the municipal and county governments determine specific policy implementation measures.
In China a National Information System for Monitoring to Prevent Relapse into Poverty and for Advancing Rural Revitalization has been established. It integrates the functions of collecting information on the poor, analysing the causes of poverty, implementing policies for the prevention and treatment of poverty, tracking the situation of the poor as they move out of poverty, and providing early warning of the return of the poor to poverty. Apart from the national system, in China different provinces have developed different systems in line with their actual needs. Take Fujian Province as an example, it has an online regulatory system on the funds for poverty alleviation (https://hm.czt.fujian.gov.cn/xczxpc/#/drdh?key=0.6384897269685896). In this system the detailed information on the microcredit is presented.
Poverty Registration: first, poverty registration realizes targeted identification of impoverished population, addressing the question of “whom to help”. It marks a milestone in China’s poverty alleviation history by accurately tracing poverty information to villages, households, and individuals, precisely targeting people in need. By conducting a thorough household-by-household analysis of the causes of poverty and the need for poverty alleviation for the first time, it constructs a national poverty alleviation information platform also for the first time, providing robust data support for targeted poverty alleviation and precise poverty eradication.
Second, poverty registration facilitates precise assistance through targeted policies, laying the foundation for the targeted poverty alleviation strategy. Leveraging precise identification of impoverished population, poverty types, the causes of their poverty, and the distribution of the poor population, the Chinese government has implemented tailored measures under different circumstances, regions, causes, and types of poverty. By implementing various assistance measures such as boosting the economy to develop production, relocating poor people from inhospitable areas, compensating for economic losses associated with reducing ecological damage, improving education in impoverished areas, and providing subsistence allowances for those unable to shake off poverty through their own efforts alone, precise poverty alleviation is achieved. For example, under the strategy of boosting the economy to develop production, 98.9% of poor households have been covered by policy support for boosting the economy. Almost all poor people with the ability and willingness to work have joined the collective endeavor, which has significantly boosted their income levels. Furthermore, by precisely identifying and targeting special groups such as women, children, elderly, and disabled individuals, the welfare of these vulnerable groups has continuously improved, ensuring their survival rights and enhancing development opportunities.
Third, poverty registration plays a fundamental role not only in combating hunger and poverty but also in demonstrating positive spillover effects on national development. Facts show that compared with income-based poverty measurement standards, the multidimensional poverty measurement standards, known as the “Two Assurances and Three Guarantees”, which refer to assurances of adequate food and clothing, and guarantees of access to compulsory education, basic medical services and safe housing for impoverished rural residents and is established by poverty registration, proves effective in accurately identifying poverty targets and plays a foundational role in poverty reduction, inequality reduction, and hunger eradication. By better aligning the causes of poverty with the need for assistance, grassroots officials can provide precise and efficient support to poor households, helping them increase income and overcome poverty. Notably, regarding the dynamic differences, of the poor population, income standards have the greatest impact on the poverty status of poor families, followed by housing, education, and healthcare standards. Furthermore, building a big data-driven nationwide uniform poverty alleviation information management system and utilizing the Internet Plus Monitoring Platform (IPMP) will strengthen the poverty governance, corruption prevention, and investigation capabilities of government officials, improve poverty governance and grassroots governance capabilities, and have a positive influence on the modernization of national governance systems and governance capabilities.
Current research and discussions summarize the impacts of Poverty Registration on different aspects and beneficiary outcomes. Research subjects include domestic and international academia, international organizations, government agencies, etc. (World Bank, DRC, IPRCC, CIKD), with evidence presented in various forms such as academic literature, research reports, working papers, news reports, and international seminars.
（1） Impact on poverty and inequality
Four Decades of Poverty Reduction in China: Drivers, Insights for the World, and the Way Ahead Under the bottom-up approach, about 800,000 officials were dispatched to carry out “Precise Poverty Identification” (Jingzhun Shibie). On the basis of the quota allocated, each team registered every poor household regardless of whether they resided in poor counties. Notably, household income ceased to be the only criterion for identification. Because local governments often did not have accurate and reliable income records for all rural households, they verified household assets such as housing and durable goods to supplement the income-based poverty line. To include all qualified households, individual provinces were allowed to register up to 10 percent larger populations than their quotas.
Poverty Alleviation: China's Experience and Contribution :Through this registration system, for the first time in the history of poverty alleviation, China has identified every poor individual in every village, every poor household has the causes of their poverty and their needs registered with the government. The national information platform on poverty alleviation provides powerful IT support for targeted measures to realize the set goals.
Poverty alleviation in rural China: policy changes, future challenges and policy implications: In the first half of 2014, the country has organized about 0.8 million people to identify the poor households and poor villages. A total of 128 thousand poor villages, 29.48 million poor households and 89.62 million poor people were identified in the country. The distribution of poor people and cause of poverty can be largely understood according to this identification. From August 2015 to June 2016, the country organized nearly two million people to carry out re-identifying. About 8.07 million people were re-identified as the poor population and 9.29 million non-real poor population that was previously inaccurately recognized were eliminated. In February 2017, the country re-identified the people who have been designated as non-impoverished people in 2016. From June to August 2017, the country carried out dynamic management for poor population to further identify the poor. Accurate identification of the objects have made Chinese antipoverty work targeting to the poor villages and households. Based on accurate identification of poor objects, targeted pro-poor measures and corresponding helping funds to the poor have been adopted.
The code of targeted poverty alleviation in China: A geography perspective: China has implemented a targeted poverty alleviation (TPA) strategy and has continuously promoted theoretical, organizational and institutional innovations for poverty reduction. From the perspective of geography, this paper extracts the experiences of China's TPA strategy, represented by the "5W2H" mode. The research concludes that: (1) Precise identification, as the foundation of TPA, aims to introduce a registration system to obtain records of all poor households and then answer the "5W" (what, where, why, who, when) issues of the geography of poverty. (2) Precise assistance is the key of TPA, which aims to solve the issue of "how to offer help and support". The barriers to escaping poverty can be accomplished through policies and measures that focus on the diverse causes of poverty and considering different situations. (3) Accurate assessments are an essential means of TPA, relevant to solve "how to measure the end of poverty alleviation", and third-party evaluations play an important role in improving the accuracy of poverty alleviation. (4) The TPA mechanism lies in reconstructing the human-land-industry structures in the impoverished areal system.
（2） Impact on Special Vulnerable Groups such as Women, Children, the Elderly, and People with Disabilities:
Poverty Alleviation: China’s Experience and Contribution (
（3） Multidimensional Poverty Identification Standards: The TPA strategy used a multidimensional approach to identify poor households and register them into the national poverty database. In addition to experiencing income poverty, rural households that suffered deprivations in education, health, employment, living conditions had greater odds of being registered as poor. Households from non-eastern regions as well as those from less urbanized counties were also more likely to be identified as poor. This article uses the Alkire and Foster method to construct a multidimensional poverty measure. We found that using the multidimensional poverty measure achieved better targeting performance of poverty identification than using the income poverty measure only. Households that were registered into the national poverty database—regardless of whether they were income poor, multidimensionally poor, or non-poor—received more public assistance from the government than those who were non-registered poor.
（4） Increased Income of Poor Families:
How do poverty alleviation coordinators help the impoverished in rural China? -- Evidence from the Chinese poor population tracking dataset (Zhang et al., 2021); Targeted Poverty Alleviation in China: A Typology of Official–Household Relations (Davie et al., 2021)
（5） Enhancement of Bureaucratic Governance Capacity:
From big data to higher bureaucratic capacity: Poverty alleviation in China (Zhu et al., 2022)
（6） Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity Construction
Anti-Poverty and State Governance: The Innovation Significance of China’s Poverty-Alleviation (Rong, 2020);
Winning the Battle Against Poverty is a Successful Practice of Modernizing Governance Capability (Zhang, 2020)
（7） The Impact of Targeted Policies Based on Poverty Registration (“Five Measures for Poverty Eradication” include: boosting the economy to develop production, relocating poor people from inhospitable areas, compensating for economic losses associated with reducing ecological damage, improving education in impoverished areas, and providing subsistence allowances for those unable to shake off poverty through their own efforts alone):
Green Poverty Reduction: the Path and Model of Poverty Governance (Wan and Zhang, 2017);
Targeted poverty alleviation narrowed China’s urban-rural income gap: A theoretical and empirical analysis (Zhou et al., 2023);
Does targeted poverty alleviation policy lead to happy life? Evidence from rural China (Zhou et al., 2023);
Poverty Alleviation Through Education: China’s Approach and Its Significance to the World (Yuan and Ding, 2023);
China’s rapidly evolving practice of poverty resettlement: Moving millions to eliminate poverty (Rogers et al., 2019)
(a) Establishing a nationally uniform multidimensional poverty identification standard, comprehensively considering survival and intrinsic developmental needs, accurately identifying poor individuals, and preventing the omission and misidentification of targets caused by a single identification standard. Additionally, based on the national uniform standard, localities should explore new identification standards according to their actual conditions to assist in identifying impoverished households more efficiently and accurately and improving their application in practice on an ongoing basis.
(b) Strictly standardizing the identification procedures, promoting active publicity and mobilization to enhance farmers’ voluntary reporting of poor households; ensuring procedural fairness and democracy to enhance the transparency of precise identification; and strengthening supervision and review.
(c) Emphasizing information-oriented technology construction to deeply serve precise identification work. The government should coordinate top-level design and system development, establish a nationwide centralized information system to avoid resource wastage and “information silos” caused by local autonomy and redundant construction; conduct extensive training to improve the efficiency of information-oriented technology construction, and extensively utilize big data platforms.
(d) Establishing a cross-departmental information comparison and sharing mechanism, building data linkage and exchange platforms between poverty alleviation departments and various other departments such as civil affairs, disabled persons’ federations, health commissions, education departments, human resources and social security departments, public security departments, housing and urban-rural development departments, etc., conducting data comparison and exchange to improve data accuracy and maintenance efficiency.
(e) Advancing dynamic management on a regular basis, removing poor households that do not meet the conditions, including those initially excluded but eligible households, correcting inaccurately identified households emerging from poverty, and promptly maintaining and enhancing data quality. Updating information data annually to ensure the integrity, accuracy, and authenticity of big data on national poverty alleviation endeavors, and facilitating timely government evaluation of poverty alleviation progress.
(f) Strictly establishing constraint, supervision, and accountability mechanisms to ensure more precise and reliable poverty identification.
China: International Poverty Reduction Center in China (IPRCC), Center for International Knowledge on Development (CIKD), Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC), World Bank, Rural Revitalization Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
Uzbekistan: Ministry of Employment and Poverty Reduction, Center for Economic Research and Reforms (CERR).
http://english.scio.gov.cn/featured/chinakeywords/2021-05/13/content_77493374.htm http://english.scio.gov.cn/featured/chinakeywords/2021-05/13/content_77493381.htm http://english.scio.gov.cn/featured/chinakeywords/2021-05/13/content_77493330.htm http://english.scio.gov.cn/featured/chinakeywords/2021-05/13/content_77493400.htm
SDG 1 - No poverty
- Target 1.1 - By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
- Indicator 1.1.1 - Proportion of the population living below the international poverty line by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)
- Target 1.2 - By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
- Indicator 1.2.1 - Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age
- Indicator 1.2.2 - Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
- Target 1.3 - Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
- Indicator 1.3.1 - Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable
SDG 2 - Zero hunger
- Target 2.1 - By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
- Indicator 2.1.1 - Prevalence of undernourishment
- Indicator 2.1.2 - Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)
SDG 4 - Quality education
- Target 4.1 - By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
- Indicator 4.1.1 - Proportion of children and young people (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex
- Indicator 4.1.2 - Completion rate (primary education, lower secondary education, upper secondary education)
SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation
- Target 6.1 - By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
- Indicator 6.1.1 - Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services
SDG 8 - Decent work and economic growth
- Target 8.5 - By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value
- Indicator 8.5.1 - Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities
- Indicator 8.5.2 - Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
SDG 10 - Reducing inequalities
- Target 10.1 - By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
- Indicator 10.1.1 - Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population
SDG 11 - Sustainable cities and communities
- Target 11.1 - By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
- Indicator 11.1.1 - Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing
SDG 16 - Peace, justice and strong institutions
- Target 16.6 - Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels
- Indicators 16.6.1 - Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar)
- Indicator 16.6.2 - Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services
General objectives:
a) Accurately identify poor families (hereinafter referred to as “poor households”) (SDG1);
b) Implement precise supervision and establish a big data management platform to monitor the poverty situation in a dynamic and real-time manner to enhance government capacity in poverty governance (SDG16);
c) Identify poor population, and analyze the causes of poverty to provide the basis for implementing targeted policy.
Specific objectives:
a) Based on survival and development needs, set a uniform poverty line. Households identified below this line will be classified as poor and will receive industrial assistance, employment support, transfer payments, etc., from the government and society to increase their income and reduce their gap with other groups (SDG1, SDG8, SDG10).
b) Establish the poverty standard as “having regular access to sufficient and nutritious food, safe drinking water in line with local rural safety standards, and clean clothes and warm bedding appropriate for each season throughout the year”. Provide assistance to households identified by this standard to address food and clothing issues (SDG2, SDG6).
c) Set the poverty standard as “school-age children having access to nine-yearcompulsory education”. Provide educational assistance to households identified by this standard as part of the efforts to improve educational equity (SDG4).
d) Define the poverty standard as “having access to timely treatment for common and chronic diseases, and ensuring basic needs after suffering frommajor and serious illnesses”. Provide medical assistance to households identified by this standard to improve health and well-being (SDG3).
e) Set the poverty standard as “having secure housing and not living in dilapidated buildings”. Provide dilapidated building renovation assistance to households identified by this standard to improve their living conditions and environment (SDG11).
f) The governments, following a well-designed identification procedure, send officials to conduct comprehensive surveys to accurately identify households that meet the standards. The basic information of these households will be recorded and a national uniform poverty alleviation information management system will be established to reduce information asymmetry and enhance the governments’ and officials’ capacity for poverty governance (SDG16).
Integrated programmes for economic inclusion;
Public works, employment guarantee schemes and direct job creation including community development programmes;
Access to adequate housing;
Integrated programmes for human capital development, including health and education and early childhood development;
Access to basic health care
SDG 1 – No poverty
- Target 1.1 – By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day
- Indicator 1.1.1 – Proportion of the population living below the international poverty line by sex, age, employment status and geographical location (urban/rural)
- Target 1.2 – By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
- Indicator 1.2.1 – Proportion of population living below the national poverty line, by sex and age
- Indicator 1.2.2 – Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions
- Target 1.3 – Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
- Indicator 1.3.1 – Proportion of population covered by social protection floors/systems, by sex, distinguishing children, unemployed persons, older persons, persons with disabilities, pregnant women, newborns, work-injury victims and the poor and the vulnerable
SDG 2 – Zero hunger
- Target 2.1 – By 2030, end hunger and ensure access by all people, in particular the poor and people in vulnerable situations, including infants, to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round
- Indicator 2.1.1 – Prevalence of undernourishment
- Indicator 2.1.2 – Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the population, based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)
SDG 4 – Quality education
- Target 4.1 – By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes
- Indicator 4.1.1 – Proportion of children and young people (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex
- Indicator 4.1.2 – Completion rate (primary education, lower secondary education, upper secondary education)
SDG 6 – Clean water and sanitation
- Target 6.1 – By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all
- Indicator 6.1.1 – Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services
SDG 8 – Decent work and economic growth
- Target 8.5 – By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value
- Indicator 8.5.1 – Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities
- Indicator 8.5.2 – Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities
SDG 10 – Reducing inequalities
- Target 10.1 – By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national average
- Indicator 10.1.1 – Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total population
SDG 11 – Sustainable cities and communities
- Target 11.1 – By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums
- Indicator 11.1.1 – Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing
SDG 16 – Peace, justice and strong institutions
- Target 16.6 – Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions at all levels
- Indicators 16.6.1 – Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget, by sector (or by budget codes or similar)
- Indicator 16.6.2 – Proportion of population satisfied with their last experience of public services
General objectives:
a) Accurately identify poor families (hereinafter referred to as “poor households”) (SDG1);
b) Implement precise supervision and establish a big data management platform to monitor the poverty situation in a dynamic and real-time manner to enhance government capacity in poverty governance (SDG16);
c) Identify poor population, and analyze the causes of poverty to provide the basis for implementing targeted policy.
Specific objectives:
a) Based on survival and development needs, set a uniform poverty line. Households identified below this line will be classified as poor and will receive industrial assistance, employment support, transfer payments, etc., from the government and society to increase their income and reduce their gap with other groups (SDG1, SDG8, SDG10).
b) Establish the poverty standard as “having regular access to sufficient and nutritious food, safe drinking water in line with local rural safety standards, and clean clothes and warm bedding appropriate for each season throughout the year”. Provide assistance to households identified by this standard to address food and clothing issues (SDG2, SDG6).
c) Set the poverty standard as “school-age children having access to nine-yearcompulsory education”. Provide educational assistance to households identified by this standard as part of the efforts to improve educational equity (SDG4).
d) Define the poverty standard as “having access to timely treatment for common and chronic diseases, and ensuring basic needs after suffering frommajor and serious illnesses”. Provide medical assistance to households identified by this standard to improve health and well-being (SDG3).
e) Set the poverty standard as “having secure housing and not living in dilapidated buildings”. Provide dilapidated building renovation assistance to households identified by this standard to improve their living conditions and environment (SDG11).
f) The governments, following a well-designed identification procedure, send officials to conduct comprehensive surveys to accurately identify households that meet the standards. The basic information of these households will be recorded and a national uniform poverty alleviation information management system will be established to reduce information asymmetry and enhance the governments’ and officials’ capacity for poverty governance (SDG16).
Poverty Registration
(1) Focus on the labor force who cannot participate in production and earn income due to the lack of skills.
(2) Focus on identifying elderly persons over 60 years old without child support.
(3) Focus on identifying orphans without guardians.
(4) Focus on identifying families with students attending school.
(5) Focus on identifying families without adequate shelters and access to safe water.
(6) Focus on identifying families where the primary breadwinner is chronically ill, unable to engage in basic labor, or suffering from a serious illness.
(7) Focus on identifying families facing particular difficulties due to natural disasters, emergencies, or other unforeseen circumstances.
(8) Taking into account the characteristics of ethnic minorities and regional development levels, localities should enhance multidimensional poverty identification criteria based on the national uniform standards.
(a) Establishing a nationally uniform multidimensional poverty identification standard, comprehensively considering survival and intrinsic developmental needs, accurately identifying poor individuals, and preventing the omission and misidentification of targets caused by a single identification standard. Additionally, based on the national uniform standard, localities should explore new identification standards according to their actual conditions to assist in identifying impoverished households more efficiently and accurately and improving their application in practice on an ongoing basis.
(b) Strictly standardizing the identification procedures, promoting active publicity and mobilization to enhance farmers’ voluntary reporting of poor households; ensuring procedural fairness and democracy to enhance the transparency of precise identification; and strengthening supervision and review.
(c) Emphasizing information-oriented technology construction to deeply serve precise identification work. The government should coordinate top-level design and system development, establish a nationwide centralized information system to avoid resource wastage and “information silos” caused by local autonomy and redundant construction; conduct extensive training to improve the efficiency of information-oriented technology construction, and extensively utilize big data platforms.
(d) Establishing a cross-departmental information comparison and sharing mechanism, building data linkage and exchange platforms between poverty alleviation departments and various other departments such as civil affairs, disabled persons’ federations, health commissions, education departments, human resources and social security departments, public security departments, housing and urban-rural development departments, etc., conducting data comparison and exchange to improve data accuracy and maintenance efficiency.
(e) Advancing dynamic management on a regular basis, removing poor households that do not meet the conditions, including those initially excluded but eligible households, correcting inaccurately identified households emerging from poverty, and promptly maintaining and enhancing data quality. Updating information data annually to ensure the integrity, accuracy, and authenticity of big data on national poverty alleviation endeavors, and facilitating timely government evaluation of poverty alleviation progress.
(f) Strictly establishing constraint, supervision, and accountability mechanisms to ensure more precise and reliable poverty identification.
Digital transformation of social protection information systems; Integrated programmes for economic inclusion; Public works, employment guarantee schemes and direct job creation including community development programmes; Access to adequate housing; Integrated programmes for human capital development, including health and education and early childhood development; Access to basic health care
China: International Poverty Reduction Center in China (IPRCC), Center for International Knowledge on Development (CIKD), Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC), World Bank, Rural Revitalization Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.
Uzbekistan: Ministry of Employment and Poverty Reduction, Center for Economic Research and Reforms (CERR).
Government-led, poor population and the public participate extensively; the central government formulates major policies, and the municipal and county governments determine specific policy implementation measures.
China developed a set of standards and procedures to accurately identify the poor, and grassroots officials have spent time in villages analyzing the distribution of the poor population, the causes of their poverty, and their needs. All of the poor individuals, households and villages were identified. Therefore the coverage rate is 100%.
The costs or financial inputs for poverty registration mainly include the following three aspects:
- Human Resources Costs: building a poverty registration requires specialized personnel to conduct household identification and information entry in impoverished areas. This includes training relevant personnel to understand the workflow and requirements of the registration, the actual manpower input for household surveys and data collection, and the cost of recruiting professionals to operate and manage the registration system.
- Material Costs: this includes the procurement and maintenance expenses of materials such as paper-based file materials, electronic equipment (such as computers, printers, scanners, etc.), data storage and transmission equipment, as well as costs related to data backup, security protection, etc.
- Information System Construction Costs: establishing a national poverty alleviation information network system requires a significant amount of funding for system development, construction, and maintenance. This includes costs related to software development, hardware equipment procurement, network security protection, data backup, etc.
It is important to note that the costs of poverty registration may vary depending on factors such as the region, scale, standards, etc. Specific investment funds need to be estimated and planned based on the actual situation.
In China a National Information System for Monitoring to Prevent Relapse into Poverty and for Advancing Rural Revitalization has been established. It integrates the functions of collecting information on the poor, analysing the causes of poverty, implementing policies for the prevention and treatment of poverty, tracking the situation of the poor as they move out of poverty, and providing early warning of the return of the poor to poverty. Apart from the national system, in China different provinces have developed different systems in line with their actual needs. Take Fujian Province as an example, it has an online regulatory system on the funds for poverty alleviation (https://hm.czt.fujian.gov.cn/xczxpc/#/drdh?key=0.6384897269685896). In this system the detailed information on the microcredit is presented.
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